Introduction
The Daily of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) published an interesting paper in January 2025 on the topic of computerization and intelligent technology in the military field, to adapt new combat capabilities with maximum precision based on the command system and type checking"Order Dispatch". This, however, makes best use of limited resources in attacks, to achieve maximum cost efficiency and maximize operational effectiveness.
Lenin once said: "If you don't understand the times, you can't understand the war."
In recent years, the widespread use of computerization and intelligent technology in the military has promoted the deep integration of technology and tactics. Based on the information system of the intelligent grid, it has given rise to precision attacks such as "Order Dispatch".
Commanders and command structures can format strike list requirements based on combat missions.
The decision-making system intelligently matches attack platforms according to individual requirements such as attack time, combat space, damage indicators, etc., independently plans action paths, scientifically selects attack methods and then releases quickly and precisely.
As computerization and intelligence in the arms and ammunition industry continue to increase, so does the cost of modern warfare. How to use limited resources in attacks to achieve maximum cost efficiency and maximize operational effectiveness has become a central question for PLA commanders and its command and control structures in operational planning.
by Nicola e Gabriele Iuvinale
The combat characteristics of the "Order Dispatch" type "precision strike".
As computerization and intelligence in the field of weapons and ammunition continue to increase, so does the cost of modern warfare. How to use limited resources in attacks to achieve maximum cost efficiency and maximize operational effectiveness has become a central question for PLA commanders and command structures in operational planning.
“Order Dispatch” precision attacks can provide a “feasible solution” to this.
Modern operations place greater emphasis on structural attacks and the destruction of the enemy's combat system by achieving objectives quickly and maximizing, with accuracy, combat effectiveness. This requires commanders and command and control agencies to fleetingly seize the “window” of opportunity and strike high-value, nodal, and key targets within the enemy combat system, before the enemy itself can respond.
The traditional "discover-drive-attack-evaluate" combat cycle is time-consuming and has low combat effectiveness. Therefore, precision attacks of the "Order Dispatch" type must rely on intelligent and advanced network information systems, without predetermining attack platforms, but publishing a list of attack targets in real time, using an auxiliary decision-making system to evaluate the attack performance of various weapons platforms and their associated targeted attack damage expectations; this is to conduct rapid assessments, independently assign tasks to the attack platform, rapidly connect and adjust multi-domain fire forces, autonomously close the enemy's physical elimination chain, and carry out rapid strikes against key targets.
Multi-domain force concentration and coordinated attack.
The advantage of modern precision combat attacks, compared to previous ones, lies in the intelligent and information-based combat system, which does not require manual intervention but relies on a closed attack chain to independently complete tasks such as "detection , control, attack and evaluation".
This can not only save costs but also reduce resources, waste, and can also achieve adaptive collaboration based on unified warfighting standards. Therefore, precision strike of the "Order Dispatch" type requires strike forces with firepower distributed across various multi-domain combat fields to establish a unified standard grid.
As long as a request can be issued at a given point, it must respond to multiple points, coordinate globally, and flexibly concentrate troops, firepower, and multi-domain assets. You must quickly gather power in multiple domains and determine on the fly the direction of the strike, its sequence and the strike type of each attack platform. Through system integration, you can effectively save time, you can carry out multi-domain precision strikes against key enemy targets and main objectives; Thus, the overall power of the overlap and integration of each combat unit's combat effectiveness can be improved in utilization and outcome.
The attack must quickly break the enemy's body.
Modern warfare is “hybrid warfare” implemented simultaneously in multiple fields. The intertwined influence and confrontation of new forces in new fields such as information, aerospace and intelligence are more evident. This requires all fighters to be able to detect the enemy in one second and act in one step, destroying the enemy's combat system and reducing its efficiency. On the one hand it is necessary to identify the nodes of the enemy system and launch precise attacks in real time, on the other it is necessary to hide one's intentions and attack force and take advantage of the enemy's unpreparedness to strike quickly.
“Order Dispatch” precision attacks can meet these two needs.
With the support of network information systems, firepower attack forces in various fields can be intelligently integrated to achieve multi-source information perception, data cross-linking, and multi-domain coordinated attacks.
Continuous, high-speed operation of "target perception-decision and command-fire-damage evaluation", computerized and highly integrated firepower must be achieved, quickly achieving combat objectives.
The composition of the "Order Dispatch" type precision strike system.
"Order Dispatch" type precision attack creates an efficient closed attack chain, compresses the action time, improves the attack effect, allows each attack platform to better integrate into the joint attack system, and provides rapid and precise support on the battlefield.
The key is the "Network" which focuses on "five" systems.
1 - Multi-domain platform access network.
With the support of computerization and intelligent technology, an integrated computer network system with satellite communications as the backbone and distributed attack platforms in multi-dimensional battlefields will be established. These will be integrated into the combat network to establish a "combat fog"; they will have to distinguish different combat modules and carry out reconnaissance, with "subnet fog" as "control, attack and evaluation" and rely on the network chain of integrated communication linking the “subnet fog” to the combat one This can improve full-area, full-time, on-the-go access, autonomous network and spectrum planning capabilities of the attack platform, including. firepower and achieve the latter's integration of the various platforms. They are domain-based combat systems and network interconnection of joint combat systems and interconnection of internal strike forces.
2 - Joint reconnaissance detection system.
Relying on various reconnaissance and surveillance forces within the joint combat system, there will be real all-weather, multi-directional and high-precision battlefield awareness of the attack area. This requires building a full-dimensional reconnaissance and sensing force system that exists ubiquitously in physical space and logical space, tangible space and invisible space, by deploying intelligent sensing equipment across a wide area. This is to form a cumulation of intelligence data and analyze the enemy's situation. Through the intelligence data "cloud", identify key points of the enemy's combat system and time-sensitive targets, update reconnaissance information in real time, and view target dynamics.
3 - Intelligent command and decision system.
Based on new command and control systems with certain intelligent control capabilities, various planning and analysis models will be built to expand functions such as intelligent intelligence processing, intelligent task planning, automatic instruction generation and precise control of actions, expand and improve the target characteristics database, decision making knowledge base, action plan database and other databases. All to strengthen the support capabilities of the mission planning system, decision making and action control in the process of organizing and implementing combat. Improve decision-making planning and combat action control capabilities, to clarify "how to fight, where to fight and who will fight", in order to obtain accurate "orders".
4 - Distributed fire system.
Based on the intelligent network information system, on the one hand, multidimensional attack platforms are integrated
such as land, sea, air and space, functions such as intelligent target identification and remote attack are strengthened, and remote control operations of combat units are realized, through coordinated manned or unmanned operations, flexible maneuverability and other fighting methods.
In this regard, it is possible to build a low-cost attack platform based on low-altitude and ultra-low-altitude unmanned attack platforms, such as traversal aircraft and loitering missiles. By adding different functional combat loads, it can work closely with high-altitude aircraft.
5 - Autonomous damage assessment system.
Reconnaissance and surveillance forces within the joint combat system must be relied upon to build a damage assessment system after the firing platform hits; must independently conduct verification of the impact effect on the target. It primarily conducts real-time, dynamic, objective and systematic analyzes and assessments of the target's appearance, location status and degree of functional loss, and promptly transmits relevant information to decision-making command centers at all levels through video images and meets the expected damage requirements. If the set objective is not fully achieved, combat operations could be adjusted in a timely manner and, consequently, additional strikes could be carried out to provide support to maximize combat effectiveness.
Design and implementation of "Order Dispatch" type precision shots.
Precision attacks "Order Dispatch" are just like the online ride-hailing operation. Through a series of processes such as formatted "orders" generation, intelligent object matching, and autonomous path planning, the "OODA" combat cycle will be completed independently with more efficient, more precise actions and strikes, and better coordination narrower.
Firepower requirements are reported in real time and combat units “fire orders” as needed. Reconnaissance elements distributed in different combat areas and multi-dimensional spaces of the battlefield form intelligence information on battlefield targets through multi-source reconnaissance over a large area through radar, optical, infrared and technical reconnaissance methods.
This information is connected to the battlefield information network through intelligence links and is transmitted to combat units anytime, anywhere. Combat units conduct correlation processing, compare and verify with multiple parties, comprehensively integrate battlefield target information, and generate accurate mission orders.
The combat unit analyzes the target value and connects to the decision platform on demand, builds a closed "order" style attack chain and Order Dispatch of real-time tasks to achieve centralized optimization and precise adaptation on the go.
The attack tasks and the "Order Dispatch" decision center are intelligently distinguished. Through the battlefield information network and based on the intelligent mission planning system, the decision center can automatically analyze the mission "order" data reported by combat units and automatically generate attack operations with power of fire requests based on the nature of the objective, battlefield, coordinate orientation, movement status, threat level, etc. Mission requirements such as ammunition quantity, bomb type, attack method and damage indicators form a support mission "order". Through intelligent matching of the best firepower platform, the connecting nodes are united, and intelligent command-style order dispatch is carried out to be delivered to the warring firepower platform immediately.
The optimal target is always achieved and the firing platform "receives orders" immediately. Fire platforms distributed at multiple points in the battlefield area respond quickly to "receive orders" through the battlefield information network. Fire platforms and combat units create independent links. After mutual "identity" verification, a leading attack chain is directly established to coordinate fire in attack operations, the attack method, shooting parameters, etc. are adjusted. in a timely manner according to the target damage situation after the attack and the dynamics of targets on the battlefield; then implement fire attacks again until the “Order Dispatch” task is completed. The firepower platform always follows the “strike-transfer-strike-transfer” principle to complete the attack mission, quickly transfer positions, always remain combat ready and receive online "orders" in real time. At the end of the mission, the chain of guided attacks between the platform and the combat unit will be automatically canceled.
Damage information is obtained from multiple sources and the assessment center "reviews the order" in real time. Comprehensive use of intelligent reconnaissance methods based on long-distance information such as satellite reconnaissance, radar reconnaissance and drone reconnaissance to implement multi-domain three-dimensional reconnaissance to obtain real-time target damage information to provide accurate assessments for precise fire attacks. Comprehensively determine the damage effect, conduct quantitative and qualitative assessments of the hit effect, distinguish the three damage states of the target: physical, functional and system, and provide timely feedback to the decision center. Based on the results of target damage assessment, timely command suggestions are made, the fire attack plan is adjusted, and combat operations are optimized to achieve precise control of fire attacks, allowing commanders to accurately control the combat process and achieve efficient command and control of fire strike effectiveness.
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